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Kwadalwa ngo 08.03
Isigubhu Sekhreyini Esingqimba Olulodwa vs Isigubhu Sekhreyini Esingqimba Eziphindwe: Indlela Yokukhetha Indlela Yokugoqa Intambo Yensimbi Efanele
Isigubhu Sekhreyini Esingoqimba Olulodwa vs Ezingqimba Eziningi: Ungakhetha Kanjani Indlela Efanele Yokugoqa Intambo Yocingo
Isingeniso
Izigubhu zekhreyini ziyizingxenye ezibalulekile ezinhlelweni zokuphakamisa ngezintambo zocingo. Zisetshenziselwa ukugoqa, ukugcina, nokuqondisa izintambo zocingo ngesikhathi sokuphakamisa nokwehlisa.
Ngokuya ngobude bokuphakamisa, usayizi wesigubhu, ubude bentambo, kanye nesakhiwo semishini, izigubhu zekhreyini zingaklanyelwa ukugoqa kongqimba olulodwa noma ukugoqa ezingqimbeni eziningi.
Zombili izindlela zokusonga ziyasetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zamakhreyini, kodwa zinezinzuzo ezahlukene, imikhawulo, nezidingo zokuklama. Ukukhetha indlela efanele yokusonga kubalulekile ekuphileni kwentambo yensimbi, ukuphepha kokuphakamisa, nokusebenza okuzinzile kwekreyini.
Lesi sihloko sichaza umehluko phakathi kwamasonga omugqa owodwa namasonga amaningi ekreyini nokuthi ukhetha kanjani indlela efanele yokusonga intambo yensimbi.
Siyini Ukusonga Komugqa Owodwa Wedramu?
Ukusonga komugqa owodwa kusho ukuthi intambo yensimbi ihlelwa ebusweni bedramu ngomugqa owodwa kuphela.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ijika ngalinye lentambo liqondiswa umgodi wedramu futhi libekwe eceleni kwejika eledlule. Intambo ayihlangani nezinye izendlalelo.
Lokhu kuklanywa kuvame ukusetshenziswa lapho ukuphakama kokukhuphula kungesikhulu kakhulu futhi isigubhu sinobude obanele ukugcina intambo edingekayo.
Ukugoqa ngongqimba olulodwa kusetshenziswa kakhulu kuma-overhead crane, ama-gantry crane, ama-electric hoist, ama-winch, kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokuphakamisa ezisebenzayo.
Izinzuzo Zokugoqa Ngongqimba Olulodwa
1. Ukuhlelwa Kwentambo Okuzinzile Kakhulu
Ukugoqa ngongqimba olulodwa kunikeza ukuhlelwa kwentambo okuzinzile nokuhlelekile.
Ngenxa yokuthi intambo iqondiswa ngqo umhosha wesigubhu, ubungozi bokuwela kwentambo nokuchotshozwa kwentambo buphansi.
2. Ukugqoka Kwentambo Okuphansi
Ekugogeni ngongqimba olulodwa, intambo yocingo ithinta kakhulu ubuso bomhosha wesigubhu.
Akukho ngesi esinamandla phakathi kwezingqimba zentambo ezingenhla nengezansi, ngakho ukugqoka kwentambo kuvame ukulawuleka kalula.
3. Ukuhlolwa Nokunakekelwa Okulula
Ukugoqwa kongqimba olulodwa kwenza isimo sentambo kube lula ukuhlola.
Abasebenzi bangakwazi ukubona ngokucacile ukugqoka kwentambo, izintambo ezaphukile, ukugoqeka okungahambi kahle, noma izinkinga zomsele ngesikhathi sokulungisa.
4. Impilo Engcono Yentambo Yensimbi
Uma umsele wesigubhu, ubukhulu bentambo, ne-engeli yokungena kwentambo kuklanywe kahle, ukugoqeka kolayini olulodwa kungasiza ukwelula impilo yentambo yensimbi.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokuphakamisa ezidinga ukusebenza okuzinzile nokuthembekile.
Ukulinganiselwa Kokugoqeka Kolayini Olulodwa
Ukulinganiselwa okuyinhloko kokugoqeka kolayini olulodwa ukuthi kudinga isigubhu eside lapho ukuphakama kokukhuphula kukhulu.
Uma ukuphakama kokukhuphula kuphezulu futhi kuvunyelwe ungqimba lwentambo olulodwa kuphela, ubude besigubhu bungaba bukhulu kakhulu ngesakhiwo semishini.
Lokhu kungandisa:
- ubude besigubhu
- usayizi wemishini
- isidingo sesikhala sokwakheka
- izindleko zokukhiqiza
Ngakho-ke, ukusonga ngongqimba olulodwa akuhlale kufanelekile ezinhlelweni ezidinga ukugcinwa kwentambo ende kakhulu noma isikhala esilinganiselwe sokufaka.
Iyini I-Multi-Layer Drum Winding?
Ukusonga ngezingqimba eziningi kusho ukuthi intambo yensimbi isongwa emgqonyeni ngezingqimba ezimbili noma ngaphezulu.
Uma ungqimba lokuqala lugcwele, intambo iyaqhubeka nokusonga kungqimba lwesibili, lwesithathu, noma ngaphezulu.
Ukugoqwa kwezendlalelo eziningi kuvame ukusetshenziswa lapho ukuphakama kokukhuphula kukhulu, ubude bentambo bude, noma isikhala semishini sincane.
Lokhu klama kungagcina intambo yensimbi eningi kudramu elifushane, kodwa kudinga ukuklanywa nokunakekelwa ngokucophelela.
Izinzuzo Zokugoqwa Kwezendlalelo Eziningi
1. Kufaneleka Ukuphakama Okukhulu Kokukhuphula
Ukugoqwa kwezendlalelo eziningi kungagcina intambo yensimbi ende kudramu elifushane.
Lokhu kukwenza kufaneleke izinhlelo ezidinga ukuphakama okukhulu kokukhuphula, njengama-winchi, amakhreyini akhethekile, izinhlelo zokwakha zokuphakamisa, nezinhlelo zokukhuphula ezijulile.
2. Konga Ubude Bedramu
Uma kuqhathaniswa nokugoqwa kwendlalelo elilodwa, ukugoqwa kwezendlalelo eziningi kunganciphisa ubude bedramu.
Lokhu kusiza uma isakhiwo sekhreyini noma indawo yokufaka ilinganiselwe.
3. Isakhiwo Esihlangene Kakhulu
Ngenxa yokuthi isigubhu singaba sifushane, ukugoqa ngezingqimba eziningi kungasiza ukunciphisa usayizi wonke wendlela yokuphakamisa.
Lokhu kusiza emishinini lapho indawo ilinganiselwe.
Izingozi Zokugoqa Ngezingqimba Eziningi
Nakuba ukugoqa ngezingqimba eziningi kunenzuzo yendawo, nakho kunezimfuneko eziphakeme zobuchwepheshe.
1. Ukuchoboza Kwentambo
Ukuchoboza kwentambo kungenye yezingozi ezinkulu ekusongeni kwezendlalelo eziningi.
Izendlalelo ezingaphezulu zentambo zicindezela ezansi, okungabangela ukuguquka kwentambo, ukuyicaba, kanye nomonakalo wangaphakathi.
2. Ukuwela Kwentambo
Uma intambo ingaqondiswa kahle, ingase iwele eminye imijikelezo yentambo.
Ukuwela kwentambo kungabangela ukugqoka okungajwayelekile, ukudlidliza, nokuphakamisa okungazinzile.
3. Ukuhlelwa Kwentambo Okungalingani
Ukusonga kwezendlalelo eziningi kudinga ukuqondiswa kwentambo okunembile.
Uma intambo ingashintshi kahle phakathi kwezendlalelo, kungase kwenzeke ukusonga okungalingani.
4. Ukugqoka Kwentambo Okuphezulu
Ekugogweni kwezingqimba eziningi, intambo yocingo ayithinti nje kuphela umgodi wedrumu kodwa futhi ithinte eminye imijikelezo yentambo.
Lokhu kungandisa ukugqokwa phakathi kwezingqimba zentambo.
5. Ukuhlolwa Okunzima Kakhulu
Izendlalelo zentambo ezingezansi kunzima ukuzihlola ngoba zimbozwe izendlalelo ezingaphezulu.
Lokhu kwenza ukuhlolwa nokunakekelwa okuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu.
Izici Ezibalulekile Zokuklama Imigqomo Yezendlalelo Eziningi
Ngokugoqa kwezendlalelo eziningi, ukuklama komgqomo kufanele kucabangele izici eziningi kunezigqomo ezinemisele elula.
Izici ezibalulekile zihlanganisa:
- ububanzi bentambo yensimbi
- ububanzi bomgqomo
- ukuklama komsele womgqomo
- i-engeli yokungena kwentambo
- uhlelo lokuqondisa intambo
- ukucindezela kwentambo
- inani lezendlalelo zokugoqa
- ubude bokukhuphula
- umsebenzi wokusebenza
- amandla omgqomo
Umgqomo okleliwe kahle wezendlalelo eziningi kufanele wehlise ukuwela kwentambo, ulawule ukucindezela kwentambo, futhi uthuthukise ukuzinza kokugoqa.
Umgqomo Wendlalelo Elilodwa vs Umgqomo Wezendlalelo Eziningi: Umehluko Obalulekile
Ukuhlelwa Kwentambo
Ukugoqwa kongqimba olulodwa kunikeza ukuhlelwa kwentambo okulula nokuzinzile.
Ukugoqwa kwezingqimba eziningi kudinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kokushintsha kwentambo phakathi kwezingqimba.
Ukugqoka Kwentambo
Ukugoqwa kongqimba olulodwa kuvame ukukhiqiza ukugqoka kwentambo okuphansi.
Ukugoqwa kwezingqimba eziningi kungandisa ukugqoka ngenxa yokuthintana kwezintambo ezingqimbeni.
Ubukhulu Besigubhu
Ukugoqwa kwengqimba eyodwa kungadinga isigubhu eside.
Ukugoqa ngezendlalelo eziningi kungagcina intambo eningi kudrum elifushane.
Ukunakekela
Ukugoqa ngolayini owodwa kulula ukuhlola nokunakekela.
Ukugoqa ngezendlalelo eziningi kudinga ukuhlolwa njalo, ikakhulukazi ukuchotshozwa kwentambo nokungalingani kokugoqa.
Ukusetshenziswa
Ukugoqa ngolayini owodwa kufaneleka ekusebenzeni okuzinzile nokuphakama okumaphakathi komthwalo.
Ukugoqa ngezendlalelo eziningi kufaneleka ekuphakameni okukhulu noma endaweni encane yokufaka.
Indlela Yokukhetha Indlela Yokugoqa Efanele
1. Ngokuya Ngobude Bokuphakamisa
Uma ubude bokuphakamisa bulingene futhi isigubhu sinendawo eyanele, ukugoqa ngongqimba olulodwa kuvame ukukhethwa.
Uma ubude bokuphakamisa bukhulu futhi ubude besigubhu bunomkhawulo, ukugoqa ngezingqimba eziningi kungadingeka.
2. Ngokuya Ngendawo Yempahla
Uma imishini inendawo eyanele yokufakwa, umgqomo omude wendlalelo elilodwa ungacatshangwa.
Uma isakhiwo siminyene, ukugoqa kwezendlalelo eziningi kungasiza ukunciphisa ubude bomgqomo.
3. Ngokuya nge-Wire Rope Service Life
Uma ukusebenza kwentambo yocingo nokulungiswa kalula kubalulekile, ukugoqwa kongqimba olulodwa kuvame ukuba ukukhetha okungcono.
Uma kudingeka ukugoqwa kwezingqimba eziningi, ukuholwa kwentambo okungcono nokuhlolwa okuvamile kuyadingeka.
4. Ngokuya ngo-Working Duty
Ezinhlelweni zokuphakamisa ezisetshenziswa njalo nezinzima, ukuzinza kokugoqwa kubaluleke kakhulu.
Umklamo we-drum kufanele uhambisane nomsebenzi we-crane, imininingwane yentambo, nezimo zangempela zokusebenza.
5. Ngokuya Ngezimfuneko Zokuphepha
Ezinhlelweni zokuphakamisa ezibalulekile zokuphepha, indlela yokugoqa kufanele ihlolwe ngokucophelela.
Umklamo kufanele wehlise ubungozi bokuwela kwentambo, ukuchotshozwa kwentambo, nokugoqa okungazinzile.
Iziphakamiso Zomklamo Wamadrum E-Crane Angezendlalelo Eziningi
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokugoqa ngezendlalelo eziningi, kufanele kucatshangwe ngamaphuzu alandelayo:
- sebenzisa umklamo ofanele we-groove yedrum
- lawula i-engeli yokungena kwentambo
- qinisekisa ukuthi ukucisha kwentambo kuzinzile
- gwema izinguquko ezingazelelwe zomthwalo
- sebenzisa izinto ezifanele zokuqondisa intambo lapho kudingeka
- hlola intambo njalo
- hlola izendlalelo ezingezansi zentambo lapho kungenzeka
- gwema ukulayisha ngokweqile nokulayisha okushaqisayo
- shintsha intambo yocingo eyonakele ngesikhathi
Umklamo omuhle nokunakekelwa kokubili kuyadingeka ukuze kugoqwe ngokwethembeka ezingqimbeni eziningi.
Izidingo Zokukhiqiza Izigubhu Zekhreyini
Isigubhu sekhreyini esisezingeni eliphezulu sidinga ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele, ukushisela, ukucwenga, nokuhlolwa.
Ngamadramu akhethekile ekreyini, amaphuzu abalulekile okukhiqiza afaka:
- ukukhethwa kwempahla yedramu
- plate rolling or tube preparation
- ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokushisela
- ukuhlolwa kokushisela lapho kudingeka
- ukwenziwa okunembile kwemisele yentambo
- indawo yomsele ebushelelezi
- ukuhlolwa kwe-dimensional
- ukuvikelwa kokugqwala ezingxenyeni ezigqinsiwe
indawo ye-drum groove kufanele ibushelelezi futhi ingabi nezinhlangothi ezibukhali noma ama-burrs.
Ngaphambi kokulethwa noma ukufakwa, indawo ye-groove egqinsiwe ingavikelwa ngamafutha okugqwala ukuze kuncishiswe ukugqwala futhi kuvikelwe indawo yokuthintana nentambo.
Ulwazi Oludingekayo Lokuklama I-Drum Ngokwezifiso
Ukuze kuklanywe indlela efanele yokusonga i-drum, ngokuvamile kudingeka ulwazi olulandelayo:
- umthamo wokuphakamisa
- ubude bokuphakamisa
- ububanzi bentambo yensimbi
- ubude bentambo yensimbi
- ububanzi bedramu
- ubude bedramu obutholakalayo
- inani lokwehla kwentambo
- imfuneko yendlalelo elilodwa noma eziningi
- umsebenzi wokusebenza
- uhlobo lwekhreyini
- imidwebo noma izithombe eziyisampula
- imikhawulo yesikhala sendawo
- izimfuneko zempahla nokwelashwa ngokushisa
Ulwazi oluphelele lusiza umkhiqizi ukuthi aklame isigubhu sekhreyini esiphephile nesithembekile.
Amaphutha Avamile Ekukhetheni Ukugoqa Kwesigubhu
Amanye amaphutha avamile afaka:
- ukukhetha ukugoqa ngezingqimba eziningi ukuze nje kuncishiswe izindleko
- ukungazinaki ingozi yokuchoboza kwentambo
- ukusebenzisa ukugoqa ngongqimba olulodwa ngaphandle kobude obanele besigubhu
- ukungazinaki i-engeli yokungena kwentambo
- ukungazinaki ububanzi bentambo yocingo
- ukungayihloli kahle intambo engaphansi
- ukushintsha isigubhu ngaphandle kokuhlola ukuhlelwa kwentambo
- ukugxila kuphela kosayizi wesigubhu nokungazinaki impilo yentambo
Indlela yokusonga kufanele ihlale ikhethwa ngokuya ngohlelo oluphelele lokuphakamisa.
Isiphetho
Izigubhu zekhreyini ezinendlalelo olulodwa noma eziningi zombili zinezinzuzo zazo nezimo ezifanele zokusetshenziswa.
Ukugoqwa kongqimba olulodwa kunikeza ukuhlelwa kwentambo okuzinzile, ukugqokwa kwentambo okuphansi, ukuhlolwa okulula, nempilo yentambo engcono. Kufanelekile lapho ukuphakama kokukhuphula kumaphakathi futhi kukhona ubude obanele bedrumu.
Ukugoqwa kwezingqimba eziningi kungagcina intambo yocingo eningi kudrumu emfushane, okwenza kufanelekele ukuphakama okukhulu kokukhuphula noma isikhala esilinganiselwe sokufaka. Nokho, kudinga ukuklanywa ngokucophelela, ukuqondisa kwentambo, nokunakekelwa.
Kumadrumu enkukhu enziwe ngokwezifiso, indlela yokugoqa yokugcina kufanele ikhethwe ngokuya ngokuphakama kokukhuphula, ubukhulu bentambo, usayizi wedrumu, umsebenzi wokusebenza, isikhala semishini, nezidingo zokuphepha.
Idrumu yenkukhu eklanywe kahle isiza ukuthuthukisa impilo yentambo yocingo, ukunciphisa izinkinga zokunakekela, nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kokukhuphula.
Othintwayo
Shiya imininingwane yakho futhi sizokuthinta.
I-WEILINK CRANE ingumkhiqizi ochwepheshe wezingxenye zekhreyini kanye nemishini yokuphakamisa, etholakala eChangyuan City, esifundazweni saseHenan, eChina — okuyisizinda esaziwayo sokukhiqiza imishini yokuphakamisa.
Ngolwazi lweminyaka engu-20 embonini, sikhethekile emakhreyini okugwedla, amasondo ekreyini, amaphoyili, ama-electric hoist, amathuluzi okuphakamisa, amabhakede okubamba, kanye nama-jib crane.
Sihlinzeka ngemikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nezixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zama-overhead crane, ama-gantry crane, izimboni zensimbi, amachweba, izindawo zokwakha imikhumbi, kanye nezimboni ezisindayo emhlabeni wonke.
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