Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wezingxenye Zokushintsha Ze-Crane: Izingwegwe, Amasondo, Ama-Sheave, Imigqomo Nezingxenye Ezenziwe Ngokwezifiso
Isingeniso
Izingxenye eziyisipele zekhreyini zibalulekile ekuvikelekeni, ekuthembekeni, nasekusebenzeni kwesikhathi eside kwemishini yokuphakamisa.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zisetshenziswa kumakhreyini aphezulu, amakhreyini e-gantry, ama-electric hoist, amakhreyini asechwebeni, amakhreyini asezimbonini zensimbi, noma izinhlelo zokuphakamisa ezinomthwalo omkhulu, ikhreyini ngayinye incike ezingxenyeni ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukuze isebenze ngokuphepha nangempumelelo.
Kusukela emihumeni yekhreyini nasemasondweni kuya kuma-sheave, izigubhu, amabhlogo ehhuku, izitsha zokuthwebula, kanye nezinsiza zokuphakamisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso, ingxenye ngayinye idlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni oluphelele lokuphakamisa.
Lesi sihloko sinikeza umhlahlandlela ophelele wezingxenye eziyisipele zekhreyini ezivamile, imisebenzi yazo, ukusetshenziswa kwazo, kanye nezinto ezibalulekile okufanele zicatshangwe lapho kukhethwa izingxenye zekhreyini ezithembekile.
Yiziphi Izingxenye Zokushintsha Zemishini Yokuphakamisa?
Izingxenye zokushintsha zemishini yokuphakamisa yizingxenye zomshini, zesakhiwo, nezokuphakamisa ezisetshenziselwa ukusebenza, ukulungisa, ukushintsha, noma ukwenza ngokwezifiso kwemishini yokuphakamisa.
Izingxenye ezivamile zokushintsha zemishini yokuphakamisa zihlanganisa:
- izingwegwe zemishini yokuphakamisa
- amabhulokhi ezingwegwe
- amasondo e-crane
- imihlangano yamasondo
- ama-sheave e-crane
- imigqomo yentambo yocingo
- ama-electric hoists
- amabhakede okubamba
- imishayo yokuphakamisa
- izinto zokuphakamisa ezijikayo
- izinto zokuphakamisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso
Ezinye izingxenye ziyizingxenye ezijwayelekile zokushintsha, kanti ezinye zidinga ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngemidwebo, izimo zendawo, umthamo womthwalo, nendawo yokusebenza.
Emishinini yokuphakamisa enzima, ukukhetha izingxenye zokushintsha ezinembile akuyona nje isinqumo sokulungisa, kodwa futhi isinqumo sokuphepha.
Kungani Izingxenye Zokushintsha Zemishini Yokuphakamisa Ezisezingeni Eliphezulu Zibalulekile
Izingxenye eziyisipele zekhrani zivame ukuchayeka emithwalweni enzima, ukucindezeleka okuphindaphindiwe, ukushayeka, ukugqoka, kanye nezindawo zokusebenza ezinzima.
Izingxenye ezingekho ezingeni noma ezingafani zingabangela:
- ukugqoka ngaphambi kwesikhathi
- ukusebenza okungahambi kahle
- ukulimala kwentambo yocingo
- ukugoba kwegwegwe
- ukuqhekeka kwamasondo
- ukugqoka komsele wedrum
- izimo zokuphakamisa ezingaphephile
- ukwehla okungalindelekile
Izingxenye zekhreyini ezisezingeni eliphezulu zisiza ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kwemishini, ukunciphisa imvamisa yokulungisa, nokwandisa isikhathi sokusebenza.
Izingxenye zekhreyini ezinokwethenjelwa kufanele zihlanganise ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanele, ukwelashwa ngokushisa, ukunemba komshini, ukuhlola, nokulawula ikhwalithi.
Amahhuku Ekhreyini
Amahhuku ekhreyini angesinye sezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithwala umthwalo emishinini yokuphakamisa.
Asetshenziselwa ukuxhuma umthwalo nohlelo lokuphakamisa lwekhreyini futhi kufanele abekezelele ngokuphephile imithwalo ephindaphindiwe yokuphakamisa, amandla okushaya, nezimo zokusebenza ezinamandla.
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamahhuku ekhreyini zihlanganisa:
- amahhuku awodwa
- izingwegwe eziphindwe kabili
- izingwegwe ezibunjiwe
- izingwegwe ezinamalembu
- izingwegwe zamabhulokhi ezingwegwe
- izingwegwe zokuphakamisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso
Izingwegwe zekhreyini ezibunjiwe zisetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa yamandla azo, ukuqina, nokwethembeka.
Izici ezibalulekile zizingwegwe zekhreyini zihlanganisa:
- izinga lezinto
- ikhwalithi yokubumba
- ukwelashwa ngokushisa
- ubukhulu bokuvula i-hook
- ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiya ezinamandla kazibuthe
- ukuhlolwa komthwalo uma kudingeka
- isimo se-safety latch kanye ne-hook nut
Emisebenzini enzima, ama-crane hook kufanele akhethwe ngokomthamo womthwalo, umsebenzi wokusebenza, umthwalo womthelela, kanye nezindinganiso ezifanele.
Ama-Hook Block
I-hook block iyinsakasuka esetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokuphakamisa nge-crane. Ngokuvamile ihlanganisa i-hook, ama-sheave, ama-bearing, ama-side plate, i-crosshead, i-shaft, nezinye izingxenye ezixhumeneyo.
I-hook block isebenza ndawonye nentambo yocingo kanye nama-sheave ukuze iphakamise futhi ihambise imithwalo ngokuphepha.
Izingxenye ezibalulekile ze-hook block zifaka:
- i-crane hook
- amaphoyili
- ama-bearing
- ama-shaft
- amapuleti aseceleni
- i-crosshead
- i-hook nut
- i-safety latch
Umklamo we-hook block uncike emandleni ekhreyini, ukuhlehliswa kwentambo, ubude bokuphakamisa, ububanzi be-sheave, kanye nomsebenzi wokusebenza.
Kumakhreyini anomthamo omkhulu, umklamo we-hook block kufanele ucabangele amandla, ukumelana nokukhathala, ukuhlelwa kwentambo, kanye nokuphepha okuphelele.
Amasondo Ekhreyini
Amasondo ekhreyini ayizingxenye ezihambayo ezisetshenziswa kumakhreyini aphezulu, amakhreyini e-gantry, amathroli, izinqola zokudlulisa, neminye imishini ehamba ngomzila.
Athwala umthwalo wekhreyini futhi agijime emzileni ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamasondo ekhreyini zihlanganisa:
- amasondo okushayela
- amasondo aqhutshwayo
- amasondo e-flange eyodwa
- amasondo e-flange embaxambili
- amasondo e-crane enziwe ngensimbi ekhutshaziwe
- amasondo e-crane enziwe ngensimbi ethelwayo
- imihlangano yamasondo aphelele
Amasondo e-crane kufanele abe namandla anele, ubulukhuni, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqokwa.
Ezinhlelweni zokusebenza ezinzima ze-crane, amasondo e-crane enziwe ngensimbi ekhutshaziwe asuka ezintweni ezinjenge-42CrMo avame ukukhethwa ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo sangaphakathi esiminyene nokusebenza kahle kwemishini.
Izinto ezibalulekile amasondo e-crane afaka:
- impahla yesondo
- ububanzi besondo
- umthwalo wesondo
- usayizi kajantshi
- ubulukhuni be-tread
- ukwelashwa ngokushisa
- ukunemba komshini
- ukwakheka kwe-bearing ne-shaft
Ukukhetha isondo okufanele kusiza ukunciphisa ukuguga kajantshi, ukuguga kwe-flange yesondo, ukudlidliza, nezinkinga zokusebenza.
Amashevu E-Crane
Amashevu e-crane, abizwa nangokuthi amapulley, asetshenziselwa ukuqondisa izintambo zocingo nokushintsha indlela yamandla ezinhlelweni zokuphakamisa.
Asetshenziswa kakhulu kumabhuloki e-hook, izinqola zekhreyini, ama-winchi, nezinhlaka zokuphakamisa.
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamashevu zihlanganisa:
- amashevu agingqwe ngokushisa
- amashevu akhandiwe
- amashevu ahlanganisiwe ngokushisela
- amashevu ane-double-web
- amashevu e-nylon
- amashevu entambo enziwe ngokwezifiso
Ishevu eliklanywe kahle lingathuthukisa impilo yentambo yocingo futhi linciphise ukukhathala kwentambo.
Izici ezibalulekile zomklamo zihlanganisa:
- ububanzi beshevu
- isilinganiso se-D/d
- irediyasi yomsele wentambo
- ukuphelela kobuso bomsele
- ukuqina komsele
- ukunemba kwesihlalo se-bearing
- ukukhetha izinto zokusebenza
Emisebenzini enzima, umsele wentambo ungadinga ukuqiniswa kwendawo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqoka futhi kwandiswe isikhathi sokusebenza.
Imigqomo Yentambo Yocingo
Imigqomo yentambo yocingo isetshenziselwa ukugoqa nokugcina intambo yocingo emishinini yokuphakamisa.
Ivamise ukusetshenziswa kuma-electric hoists, ama-winches, ama-overhead cranes, ama-gantry cranes, nezinhlelo zokuphakamisa ezisindayo.
Umugqomo we-crane kumele uqondise intambo yocingo kahle futhi uvikele ukweqa kwentambo, ukuchotshozwa kwentambo, noma ukugoqa okungahambi kahle.
Izici ezibalulekile zemigqomo ye-crane zihlanganisa:
- ububanzi bomugqomo
- isikhala somsele wentambo
- ukujula komsele
- ubukhulu bodonga lomugqomo
- ikhwalithi yokushisela
- ukunemba komshini
- ukuhlelwa kwentambo yocingo
- ukuvikelwa ekugqwaleni
Ezigebheni ezinkulu noma ezinomthwalo omkhulu, ikhwalithi yokushisela, ukwelashwa ngemva kokushisela, ukunemba komshini, kanye nokwakheka komsele kubaluleke kakhulu.
Isigubhu esiklanywe kahle sisiza ukuthuthukisa ukuphila kwentambo yensimbi nokuzinza kokuphakamisa.
Ama-Electric Hoist Nezindlela Zokuphakamisa
Ama-Electric Hoist ayimishini emincane yokuphakamisa esetshenziswa emihlanganweni yokusebenza, ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla, emigqeni yokukhiqiza, nasezinhlelweni zemishini yokuphakamisa.
Izinhlobo ezivamile zihlanganisa:
- ama-hoist kagesi entambo yocingo
- ama-hoist kagesi e-chain
- ama-hoist anendawo ephansi yokusebenza
- ama-hoist angavuthi umlilo
- ama-hoist ezinsimbi
- izindlela zokuphakamisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso
Ama-hoist kagesi afaka izingxenye ezibalulekile eziningi, njenge-motor, i-reducer, i-brake, i-drum, intambo yocingo, i-hook block, uhlelo lukagesi, nama-switch alinganiselayo.
Lapho ukhetha i-hoist kagesi, abasebenzisi kufanele bacabangele umthamo wokuphakamisa, ukuphakama kokuphakamisa, umsebenzi wokusebenza, amandla kagesi, isivinini sokuphakamisa, kanye nendawo yokusebenza.
Ama-Grab Buckets
Ama-grab buckets asetshenziselwa ukuphatha izinto eziyinqwaba ezifana namalahle, isihlabathi, insimbi, okusanhlamvu, imfucuza, kanye nensimbi engcolile.
Avame ukusetshenziswa emachwebeni, ezikhungweni zamandla, ezimbonini zensimbi, ezikhungweni zokulahla imfucuza, nezinhlelo zokuphatha izinto eziningi.
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zamabhakede okubamba zihlanganisa:
- amabhakede okubamba angomshini
- amabhakede okubamba angamanzi
- amabhakede okubamba kagesi
- amabhakede okubamba alawulwa ngaphandle kwentambo ngomsakazo
- amabhakede okubamba afana ne-clamshell
- amabhakede okubamba afana ne-orange peel
Ibhakede lokuthatha elifanele kufanele likhethwe ngokuya ngohlobo lwezinto, ubukhulu bezinto, amandla e-crane, indawo yokusebenza, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza kahle.
Izingxenye Zokuphakamisa Ezenziwe Ngokwezifiso
Ezinhlelweni eziningi zezimboni, izingxenye zekhreyini ezijwayelekile azanele.
Izingxenye zokuphakamisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zingadingeka emisebenzini ekhethekile, ezinqubweni zokuphatha ezikhethekile, noma ezimeni zokusebenza eziyingqayizivele.
Izingxenye ezijwayelekile zokuphakamisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zihlanganisa:
- imishayo yokuphakamisa
- imishayo yokusabalalisa
- izinto zokuphakamisa eziphendukayo
- imishini yokuphatha amakhoyili
- izingwegwe ezikhethekile
- amabhulokhi ezingwegwe enziwe ngokwezifiso
- imihlangano yamasondo engeyona ejwayelekile
- ama-sheave namadrum enziwe ngokwezifiso
Umklamo owenziwe ngokwezifiso kufanele ucabangele isisindo somsebenzi, usayizi, indawo yesisindo esikhungweni, izindawo zokuphakamisa, ukuvikelwa kwendawo engaphezulu, indlela yokusebenza, kanye nezidingo zokuphepha.
Ezinhlelweni zokuphakamisa ezingezona ezijwayelekile, imidwebo, izithombe, kanye nolwazi lwendawo kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni okunembile.
Indlela Yokukhetha Izingxenye Eziyisipele Zekhreyini Ezinokwethenjelwa
Uma ukhetha izingxenye eziyisipele zekhreyini, kufanele kucatshangelwe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
1. Umthamo Womthwalo
Ingxenye kufanele ihambisane nomthwalo olinganiselwe kanye nomthwalo wokusebenza wesistimu yekhreyini.
2. Umsebenzi Wokusebenza
Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezinemvamisa ephezulu kanye nomthwalo osindayo zidinga izinto eziqinile, ukwelashwa okungcono kokushisa, kanye nokumelana nokukhathala okuphezulu.
3. Ukukhethwa Kwezinto
Into kufanele ikhethwe ngokomthwalo, umthelela, indawo ezungezile, kanye nezidingo ezijwayelekile.
Izinto ezijwayelekile zihlanganisa insimbi yekhabhoni, insimbi eyi-alloy, insimbi ebunjiwe, insimbi eyakhiwe, kanye namapulasitiki wobunjiniyela ezinhlelweni ezikhethekile.
4. Ukwelashwa Ngokushisa
Ukwelashwa ngokushisa kungathuthukisa ubulukhuni, amandla, ukuqina, nokumelana nokugqokwa.
Emahukwini, amasondo, namasheya, ukwelashwa ngokushisa okufanele ngokuvamile kubalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphephile isikhathi eside.
5. Ukunemba Komshini
Ukunemba komshini okuqondile kuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa okufanele, ukusebenza okushelelayo, nokusebenza okuzinzile.
Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezihlalweni zamabheringi, izimbobo zamasondo, imisele yezintambo, nokuxhumeka kwama-shaft.
6. Ukuhlola Nokuhlwaya
Izingxenye ezibalulekile zekhreyini eziyisipele zingadinga:
- ukuhlolwa kobukhulu
- ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni
- ukuhlolwa kwezinhlayiya ezinamandla kazibuthe
- ukuhlolwa ngomsindo ophezulu
- izitifiketi zezinto zokusebenza
- ukuhlolwa komthwalo wobufakazi uma kudingeka
Amarekhodi okuhlola asiza ukuthuthukisa ukulandeleka nokwethenjwa kwamakhasimende.
7. Ikhono Lokwenza Ngokwezifiso
Ezingxenyeni zokushintsha noma izingxenye ezingajwayelekile, ikhono lokwenza ngokwezifiso libaluleke kakhulu.
Umkhiqizi onokwethenjelwa kufanele akwazi ukukhiqiza izingxenye ngokwemidwebo, amasampula, noma izimo zangempela zokusebenza.
Isiphetho
Izingxenye eziyisipele ze-crane zibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphephile, okuphumelelayo, nokuthembekile kwe-crane.
Amahhuku, amasondo, ama-sheave, izigubhu, ama-hook block, ama-electric hoist, amabhakede okubamba, nezingxenye zokuphakamisa ezenziwe ngokwezifiso zidlala indima ebalulekile ohlelweni oluphelele lokuphakamisa.
Ukukhetha izingxenye eziyisipele ze-crane ezifanele kudinga ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela impahla, umthamo womthwalo, umsebenzi wokusebenza, ukwelashwa ngokushisa, ukunemba komshini, ukuhlolwa, nezimo zangempela zendawo.
Izingxenye ze-crane ezisezingeni eliphezulu zinganciphisa isikhathi sokuphazamiseka, zithuthukise ukuphepha, zandise impilo yesevisi, futhi zisekele ukusebenza okuqinile kokuphakamisa ezimbonini ezinzima.